Get out your device, use the access code on the board, and complete the quiz!
Quick Review
All languages have words, but what is a word?
Not really about letters and spaces…
It’s all about meaning!
Knowing a word requires:
Phonetic/phonological knowledge
Syntactic knowledge
Morphological knowledge
Semantic knowledge
We introduced:
Phonetics is the study of the sounds in a language
Phonology is the study of the system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds
Syntax is the study of the way in which words are put together to form phrases and sentences
Morphology is the study of word formation, including a word’s component parts, internal structure, and rules for word creation
Semantics is the study of meaning
Morphemes?
What does it mean that we use morphological rules to create new words?
Like “happy” becoming “unhappy” by adding the un- prefix, people invent new words all the time by simply combining materials (morphemes!) already in the language
For example, “Instagram” is a portmanteau (or a kind of blending) of the words “instant camera” and “telegram” – two old technologies that get repurposed for the photo-sharing app
The creators took morphemes from those two words (sort of…”insta-” is weird) and smushed them together
Lots of examples of portmanteaus – like?
But it is also how we convert the proper name “Instagram” into new kinds of words!
Can you make “Instagram” into an adjective?
Make it fit this sentence – “That picture is so ____!” or “That is an ____ picture!”
Morphological rules?
And how we learn new words!
Parts of speech!
We also revisited (because you learned these in grade school) parts of speech !
What are these? Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions, Pronouns
Sometimes classification can be fuzzy (same form ≠ same word) – examples?
Not about memorizing categories
You “know” them even if you don’t know you know them
Activity time!
Mad Libs!
Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers (keep it clean!):
1. _________ walks the _________ dog.
(pronoun) (adjective)
2. Students _________ this _________ _________ at night.
(preposition) (noun) (verb)
3. Her sister from Tulsa _________ a(n) _________ _________.
(verb) (adjective) (noun) ::: {.notes}
Let them work in groups. Have them turn in a page with their names and their answers. Talk about words that can be fuzzy. Of the ones already here, “walks” can be a noun like “I like to go on morning walks.” How do we know it’s a verb here? What about the words they filled in? Could any of those have other meanings? Xander found this: https://svickars.github.io/mad-libs/
:::
Next week!
Monday and Wednesday in Singletary
How do words get their meaning?
Is slang legit?
Read ch. 2 in your book (PDF in Canvas)
Keep working on Observation Notes
Friday = Quiz 4
Be here!
Let me know if you have any questions or concerns
Esperanto
English
Esperanto
English
bildo
picture
kuniklo
rabbit
infano
child
pomo
apple
pilko
ball
instruisto
teacher
hundo
dog
arbo
tree
desegni
to draw
kukurbo
pumpkin
piedbati
to kick
manĝi
to eat
persekuti
to chase
vidi
to see
Esperanto
English
La infano desegnas la bildon.
The child draws the picture.
La infanoj vidi la bildojn.
The children see the pictures.
La instruisto piedbatas la pilkon.
The teacher kicks the ball.
La hundoj persekuti la kuniklon.
The dogs chase the rabbit.
Activity time!
Part II: Morphological rules
What is the plural marker in Esperanto? __ __
What is the marking found on the object of the verb?
If you have a plural object of the verb, which comes first – plural or object marking?
What is the third person singular marking on the verb?
What happens to the verb-final vowel when you add the third person singular marking on the verb? Does it remain or get deleted? ::: {.notes}
NOT DOING THIS ONE* Let them work in groups. Have them turn in a page with their names and their answers to both parts of the activity.
Here is some data from Esperanto (with English translations). Look it over and answer the questions. What is the plural marker? -j What is the marking found on the object of the verb? -n If you have a plural object of the verb, which comes first – plural or object marking? plural What is the third person singular marking on the verb? –as What happens to the verb-final vowel when you add the third person singular marking on the verb? Does it remain or get deleted? Gets deleted IF YOU HAVE TIME: See if someone wants to translate one of these sentences into Esperanto (or let them try to come up with a novel sentence). The rabbit kicks the tree. La kuniklo piedbatas la arbon. The pumpkin eats the children. La kukurbo manĝas la infanojn. The apples chase the teachers. La pomoj persekuti la instruistojn. The apple sees the dog. La pomo vidas la hundon.
